The use and maintenance of excavator equipment is the key. Maintenance is very important for the service life of the excavator.

For many excavator users, the early maintenance can basically be carried out by the manufacturer for after-sales service, but what should I do when the excavator has exceeded the manufacturer's maintenance period? Some people may choose to have other professionals engaged in excavator maintenance and repair to carry out the later maintenance work, and some people can greatly reduce the cost of use by doing daily maintenance of the excavator by themselves, but it is also very difficult for some people who do not understand or even do not read in depth or beginners.

The maintenance of the excavator is very important and is closely related to the service life of the excavator. Many users do not formulate detailed operations and maintenance work during use, resulting in frequent failures of the excavator and even failure to work. Today, TD introduces the maintenance and inspection of various major components of the excavator in detail. Since the maintenance and maintenance cycles of various brands will be slightly different, it will not cause damage to the excavator equipment, but try to follow the maintenance manual provided by the manufacturer for model maintenance and daily inspection.

1. Maintenance of excavator engine

1. Replacement of engine oil and filter: Regularly replace the engine oil and filter, usually every 100 hours of work. Using good quality oil and oil filter can prevent wear and dirt accumulation of internal engine parts.

2. Coolant inspection: Check the level and quality of coolant regularly to ensure that the coolant is sufficient and of good quality. Coolant can not only dissipate heat, but also prevent the engine from overheating.

3. Spark plug replacement: Replace the spark plug every 20,000 kilometers to keep the ignition system in good working condition. Aging or damage of the spark plug will lead to poor ignition and affect engine performance.

4. Cleaning of the intake and exhaust ducts: Clean the intake and exhaust ducts regularly to keep them unobstructed. The blockage of the intake and exhaust ducts by dirt will lead to reduced air flow and affect engine performance.

5. Engine belt inspection: Check the tension and wear of the engine belt regularly. If the belt is loose or severely worn, it needs to be replaced in time to ensure the normal operation of the engine.

6. Diesel filtration and filter element replacement: Use diesel provided by regular gas stations and filter it before adding. Replace the diesel filter element according to the prescribed maintenance cycle to keep the fuel system clean.

7. Check the air filter: Check the air filter frequently. When there is a lot of dust on the outer filter, use compressed air to blow it from the inside to the outside. The inner filter cannot be cleaned. After cleaning the outer filter several times, replace it with a new one at the same time as the inner filter.

8. Avoid long-term idling: Do not use idling for a long time to save fuel to prevent carbon deposition.

9. Check the water tank and water pump: Check the water tank and water pump before starting work every day to prevent water shortage and water leakage, so as not to cause engine high temperature or cylinder flushing.

The above maintenance measures can extend the service life of the excavator engine and improve the engine performance and fuel efficiency.

2. Maintenance of the hydraulic pump system of the excavator

1. Selection and replacement of hydraulic oil:

- Select the appropriate hydraulic oil and follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

- Check the color and texture of the hydraulic oil regularly and replace it if there is any abnormality.

2. Prevent impurities from entering the hydraulic system:

- Ensure cleanliness when replacing the hydraulic oil to avoid impurities.

- Use clean refueling tools and clothing to avoid contamination.

3. Cleaning of the hydraulic system:

- Use the same hydraulic oil for cleaning.

- Pay attention to temperature control during cleaning to avoid damage to the system.

4. Use the excavator in accordance with the specified requirements:

- Follow the operating manual to avoid malfunctions caused by improper operation.

5. Regular maintenance work:

- Perform regular inspections and maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

- Pay attention to replacing fuel filters, engine oil pan oil, hydraulic oil filters, etc.

6. Special maintenance items:

- In winter, replace fuel, engine oil and hydraulic oil that are suitable for low temperatures.

- For fully hydraulic excavators, pay attention to the maintenance of components such as slewing mechanism boxes and shock absorbers.

3. Maintenance of excavator travel and rotation

1. Inspection of travel motor:

- Regularly check the oil quality and oil level of the travel motor to prevent oil leakage.

- Check the oil quality and oil level of the travel reducer, and add or replace lubricating oil if necessary.

2. Lubrication of rotating bearings:

- Regularly add butter to the rotating bearings to ensure that they are fully lubricated.

- Check whether the rotating bearings have abnormal sounds or jamming, and repair them in time if there are any problems.

3. Inspection of rotating gears:

- Check the oil quality and oil level of the rotating gears to ensure that they work properly.

- If there is oil leakage, the damaged seals should be handled and replaced in time.

4. Inspection of track chains:

- Regularly check the tension of the track chains to ensure that it is within the appropriate range.

- Check whether the chain pins and sleeves are worn or loose, and replace the damaged parts in time.

5. Inspection of driving wheels:

- Check whether the driving wheels are worn, cracked or otherwise damaged, and replace the damaged parts in time.

- Ensure that the fastening bolts of the driving wheels are firm and not loose.

6. Inspection of guide wheels:

- Check whether the guide wheels are worn, cracked or otherwise damaged, and replace the damaged parts in time.

- Ensure that the fastening bolts of the guide wheels are firm and not loose.

7. Inspection of supporting wheels:

- Regularly check the wear of the supporting wheels, and replace the damaged wheels in time.

- Ensure that the fastening bolts of the supporting wheels are firm and not loose.

8. Inspection of travel reducer:

- Check whether the travel reducer has abnormal noise or vibration, and repair it in time if there is any problem.

- Regularly replace the lubricating oil in the reducer.

The above maintenance measures can ensure the normal operation of the excavator's rotation and travel system and extend the service life of the equipment. Please note that maintenance should be carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations and adjusted according to actual use.

4. Circuit detection and maintenance:

The detection and maintenance of the excavator circuit and oil circuit is an important task to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. The following are the key points of circuit and oil circuit detection and maintenance:

1. The starter does not rotate: Check the terminal C voltage of socket CONN1. If there is no voltage, it may be that the 10A fuse is blown or the time relay 6 and ignition switch 7 are damaged. If the C terminal voltage of socket CONN1 is 24V, the A terminal voltage of socket CONN1 should be detected.

2. The starter cannot stop automatically: If the starter cannot stop automatically after the engine is started, the voltage value of the generator midpoint P should be detected. If the voltage value is 14V, the safety relay 4 is damaged. If the voltage at the generator midpoint P is less than 12V or there is no voltage, it is a fault of the generator winding or rectifier diode.

3. The ignition switch cannot be turned off to stop**: Detect the voltage from the ignition switch 7 to the battery relay 12. If the voltage is 24V, the ignition switch 7 is damaged. If there is no voltage from the ignition switch 7 to the battery relay 12, detect terminal 1 of CONN11. If the voltage of terminal 1 of CONN11 is 24V, it is a fault of the throttle actuator 5.

Oil circuit inspection and maintenance:

1. Whether the hydraulic oil, antifreeze, engine oil, lubricating oil, diesel, reducer oil, and refrigerant Folion are added in place: Check whether the valve blocks, pipe joints, screw plugs, hoses, plugs, and excavator repairs of each part are leaking.

2. Inflate and pressurize the oil tank at the oil tank filling port: make the pressure reach 0.5bar. Remove the oil pipe on the right side of the overload pressure switch connection block on the boom, connect a stop valve, and open it when debugging the vehicle to prevent the oil circuits of the rodless chamber of the oil cylinder from affecting each other's pressure test.

3. Measure the number of revolutions of the engine cooling fan and the cooling fan oil circuit pressure at low temperatures: When the engine is just ignited, the hydraulic oil temperature is 26 degrees. Connect the tester pressure input port 1 to the cooling fan oil circuit test port, and use the tester infrared speed probe to measure the fan speed.

When performing circuit and oil circuit inspection and maintenance, be sure to follow safety regulations, ensure that the equipment is in a shutdown state, and wear necessary protective equipment. If you encounter a problem that cannot be solved, it is recommended to contact a professional excavator maintenance service provider for diagnosis and repair.

5. Multi-way valve inspection and maintenance

The maintenance of the excavator multi-way valve is essential to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and extend its service life. The following are some key maintenance steps and precautions:

1. Replace oil: Before disassembling the multi-way valve, it is necessary to completely drain the hydraulic oil in the tank and clean the oil pipes, seals and pipe joints to avoid impurities and stains clogging the oil pipes. When installing a new seal, if it is found to be damaged, it also needs to be replaced.

2. Cleaning process: When cleaning the multi-way valve, water cannot be used because water may cause aging of the sealing rubber or damage to other parts. The correct approach is to dry the pipes before cleaning them.

3. Inject new oil: When replacing the hydraulic valve, you need to place the multi-way valve at the bottom of the oil tank, remove the valve core, and use the hand crank handle to open the oil chamber to remove the residual liquid. When reinstalling, you also need to remove the valve core to reduce the contamination of residual liquid.

4. Oil filling: When filling the oil, you must use professional tools, such as a high-pressure air pump, and keep the upper and lower oil ports of the multi-way valve open to facilitate the sealing effect.

5. Cleaning precautions: When cleaning the multi-way valve, be careful not to scratch the mating surface, pay attention to safety when heating, choose a suitable cleaning fluid to avoid corrosion to the valve body, and pay attention to the preservation of the cleaned parts to avoid rust or re-contamination. The assembled hydraulic valve can only be used after passing the test.

6. Excavator maintenance cycle

The maintenance cycle of each part of the excavator is as follows:

1. Engine oil: The new machine must be replaced after 50 hours for the first time, and some models must be replaced after 100 hours for the first time. Different models and refueling locations may have different replacement cycles, which are subject to the actual model.

2. Hydraulic oil: Replaced after 2000 hours. The oil replacement cycle in the pressure oil of some models is 8000 hours, and the hydraulic oil replacement cycle in the crusher of some models is 1000 hours.

3. Butter: The first butter filling of a new machine is 50 hours, and the specific butter filling cycle is subject to the actual model.

4. Antifreeze: When antifreeze is not used, it is replaced every 8 months or 1000 hours; permanent antifreeze is replaced every autumn or 1000 hours; non-permanent antifreeze, containing ethylene glycol (only used in winter), is replaced every 6 months, discharged in spring, and refueled in autumn.

5. Air filter: Replaced after 1000 hours.

6. Return oil filter: The replacement cycle of some models is 500 hours, the first maintenance time of new machines is 50 hours, and the return oil filter of some models (crusher) is 250 hours.

7. Oil filter: Replaced every 500 hours, the maintenance time of new machines is 100 hours, and the first maintenance time of new machines of some models is 50 hours. The specific model shall prevail.

8. Diesel filter: oil suction filter, oil-water separator.

9. Fuel supply hose (diesel tank-engine): Replaced every 4000 hours, replaced every two years or 4000 hours.

10. Overflow pipe (oil nozzle-diesel tank): overflow pipe (between two oil nozzles), overflow pipe cap, diesel pipe (diesel filter-injection pump).

11. Hydraulic pump outlet hose (pump to main control valve): branch hose of front and rear pumps.

12. Seat belt: Replaced every 3 years.

13. Cooling water: Replace every 2 years or 2000 hours.

Please note that the above information is for reference only. Different models and different working environments may have differences. The specific situation shall prevail.

7. Maintenance and inspection of excavator accessories

Excavator's auxiliary accessories such as breaker hammers and pliers are indispensable tools in excavator operations. Proper maintenance can extend their service life and improve work efficiency. The following are five common excavator accessories and their maintenance introduction:

1. Breaker hammer: The breaker hammer is the main tool for excavators to perform crushing operations. Maintenance includes regular inspection of various parts of the breaker hammer, such as oil circuits, gas circuits, and lubrication systems to ensure their normal operation. Lubrication maintenance is essential. Lubricating oil needs to be added regularly according to the manufacturer's requirements, and impurities and dirt in the lubricating oil need to be cleaned. At the same time, overload work should be prevented to avoid damage to the breaker hammer.

2. Pliers: Pliers are used for excavators to grab and carry materials. Maintenance includes regular inspection of the connection parts of the pliers to ensure that they are tight and reliable. The lubrication system also needs regular maintenance, use of appropriate grease, and ensure the quality of the grease. At the same time, avoid the pliers working in high temperature, humid or corrosive environments to extend their service life.

3. Hydraulic shears: Hydraulic shears are effective tools for excavators to perform shearing operations. Maintenance includes regular inspection of the hydraulic system of the hydraulic shears to ensure their normal operation. Lubrication maintenance is also essential, and appropriate grease needs to be used and replaced regularly. At the same time, avoid the hydraulic shears working in high temperature, humid or corrosive environments to extend their service life.

4. Compactor: The compactor is used by the excavator to compact the ground. Maintenance includes regular inspection of the various components of the compactor, such as the oil circuit, gas circuit, lubrication system, etc., to ensure their normal operation. Lubrication maintenance is essential, and lubricating oil needs to be added regularly according to the manufacturer's requirements, and impurities and dirt in the lubricating oil need to be cleaned. At the same time, avoid the compactor working in high temperature, humid or corrosive environments to extend its service life.

5. Grab bucket: The grab bucket is the main tool for excavators to grab and carry materials. Maintenance includes regular inspection of the connection parts of the grab bucket to ensure that it is securely fastened. The lubrication system also needs regular maintenance, using appropriate grease and ensuring the quality of the grease. At the same time, avoid working the grab in a hot, humid or corrosive environment to extend its service life. In short, for these excavator accessories, the key to maintenance is regular inspection, lubrication maintenance and avoiding working in harsh environments. Through these measures, the normal operation of the excavator accessories can be ensured and the work efficiency can be improved.